就像任何类型的组织一样, homeowners associations in 北卡罗莱纳 are bound by certain laws. 作为你们HOA董事会的一员, it is imperative to familiarize yourself with these 北卡罗莱纳 HOA laws to better protect your community.
了解北卡罗来纳州不同的HOA法律
An integral part of running a homeowners association is knowing the various laws that apply to your community. Making sure your association complies with these laws safeguards your HOA from potential liability. 和 while federal laws universally apply to all homeowners associations nationwide, some laws can vary depending on where your association is located.
和许多其他州一样, 北卡罗莱纳 has its own set of laws that govern community associations. 为了更好地理解这些规律, let’s break them down according to what type of association they relate to.
业主协会
的 北卡罗来纳州计划社区法案 属于北卡罗来纳州一般法规第47F章. 该法案管辖北卡罗来纳州的业主协会, 包括如何创建它们, 管理, 和运营. If your planned community was formed on or after January 1, 1999, it will follow this Act.
不过,这条规则也有例外. Communities that consist of 20 or fewer lots operate outside of this Act. 但, such communities can elect to fall under the sections of this Act by including it in their declaration. If an exempted association does not expressly opt-out of this statute, 虽然, 某些规定仍可适用于他们. 这方面的例子是有关协会权力的规定, 罚款, 还有旗帜和政治标语的展示.
的 北卡罗来纳州计划社区法案 breaks down into three articles:
为公寓
On the subject of condominium associations, there are two Acts that can apply. 首先是 北卡罗来纳公寓法案, which falls under the 北卡罗莱纳 General Statutes Chapter 47C. 本法案管辖创作, 管理, 以及10月1日以后成立的共管公寓协会的运营, 1986. 类似于北卡罗来纳州计划社区法案, certain provisions of this Act also apply to condo associations created prior to that date unless the association specifically opts out of it in their declaration.
《冰球突破豪华版游戏》有四个条款:
第二个适用于共管公寓协会的法案是 北卡罗来纳州单位所有权法案. This Act falls under the 北卡罗莱纳 General Statutes Chapter 47A. 与之前的法案相比, this one is much older and governs condo associations created prior to October 1, 1986. 不像《冰球突破豪华版游戏》, the Unit Ownership Act consists of more general provisions relating to condominium ownership.
的re are only two articles under the 北卡罗莱纳 Ownership Act:
非营利性公司
的 北卡罗来纳州非营利性公司法, 根据北卡罗来纳州普通法规第55A章的规定, 适用于本州的非营利性公司. 的 provisions of this Act relate more to the corporate structure and procedure of nonprofits. 和, 根据北卡罗来纳州HOA法律, 1月1日后成立的业主协会, 1999, that follow the Planned Community Act must incorporate as non-profit corporations.
的 北卡罗来纳州非营利性公司法 consists of the following articles:
- 第1条-总则.
- 第二条-组织.
- 第3条-宗旨和权力.
- 第4条-名称.
- 第5条-办事处和代理人.
- 第6条-会员及会员资格.
- Article 7 – Members’ Meetings and Voting; Derivative Proceedings.
- 第8条-董事和高级职员.
- 第10条-公司章程及附例的修订.
- 第十一条-合并.
- 第11A条-转换.
- 第12条-资产的转让.
- 第13条-分配.
- 第十四条-解散.
- 第14A条-重组.
- 第十五条——外国公司.
- 第16条-记录和报告.
- 第17条-过渡和治疗条款.
另一方面, condo associations can be arranged as not-for-profit corporations or for-profit corporations. 的se associations also have the option to remain as unincorporated nonprofit associations. 值得注意的是,营利性公司, 包括这样的共管公寓协会, 必须遵循 北卡罗来纳州商业公司法.
收债人的禁止行为
的 北卡罗来纳州债务催收法案 (NCDCA)管理该州的债务催收实践. 该法案保护消费者免受不公平待遇, 具有欺骗性的, 或者是收债人带来的滥用行为. Under this Act, homeowners are considered consumers and HOA dues or fees as debts. 它的工作方式与联邦政府类似 公平债务催收惯例法 (公平债务催收作业法所).
的re is one key difference, 虽然, between the FDCPA and 北卡罗莱纳的 debt collection laws. FDCPA将收债人定义为 代收债务的第三方而NCDCA也将债权人视为收债人. That means state-level debt collection laws also apply to creditors trying to collect their own debts, 可能还包括房主和公寓协会.
公平住房法
的 北卡罗来纳州公平住房法案 保护某些阶层的人不受住房歧视. 根据这个法案, 住房提供商, 包括社区协会, 不能因种族而歧视他人, color, 国家的起源, 性, 宗教, 家族的地位, 或不利条件. 在许多方面,该法的职能与联邦法律相似 公平住房法.
住房歧视的受害者可以向 U.S. 住房和城市发展部 或者是 北卡罗来纳州民权司. Complaints must be filed within a year from the date of the act of housing discrimination. 另外, victims can also choose to file a private lawsuit within two years of the act in the federal district court.
残疾法案
北卡罗莱纳的 《冰球突破豪华版游戏》 offers protection to persons with physical or mental impairments from discrimination in places of public accommodations. 在社区协会的范围内, this applies to any common areas or spaces open to the general public. Associations must reasonably accommodate persons with disabilities and make these public areas accessible to them. 它与联邦政府类似 美国残疾人法案.
深入研究北卡罗来纳州的具体HOA法律
While the 北卡罗来纳州计划社区法案 covers an extensive range of subjects, 有一些是经常出现的. 以下是一些最常见的居屋协议条款:
查阅社团记录
根据 部分47 f - 3 - 118 计划社区法案, associations must keep detailed financial records and make them reasonably available to their members (或者是ir authorized agents) for inspection. 至少, 业主协会必须保存协会资产的准确记录, 负债, 支出, 现金收入. 此外, associations must present all lot owners with the HOA’s annual balance sheet and income statement within 75 days following the end of the fiscal year.
诉前调解
根据北卡罗来纳州HOA法, associations must inform members of their right to a mediation process when disputes arise. 协会必须至少每年这样做一次. 此外, 第七节38个.3F encourages parties of a dispute to first go through mediation before turning to litigation. This, of course, does not apply to disputes concerning delinquencies.
剩余资金
On occasion, homeowners associations will find themselves with surplus funds. When this happens, you must turn to your declaration for guidance. 如果你在声明中对此事保持沉默, 部分47 f - 3 - 114 dictates that any surplus funds should be returned to the membership or deducted from future dues and assessments.
旗帜及政治标志
根据 部分47 f - 3 - 121 计划社区法案, associations may not restrict owners from displaying the United States flag 或者是 flag of 北卡罗莱纳 that measures no more than 4 x 6 ft. Of course, this is provided the owner displays the flag in compliance with 美国宪法第4条.S. Code. 这条规则的例外, 虽然, is when an association uses appropriate language regulating or prohibiting flag displays within its declaration. 类似的条款也存在于 政治标志的展示.
所有协会都需要帮助
Understanding the different federal and 北卡罗莱纳 HOA laws that apply to your association can come as a challenge. 考虑到遵守这些法律的重要性, 虽然, 所有协会都必须努力保持消息灵通. 如果你的HOA董事会觉得很难, perhaps it is time to outsource the job to a trusted HOA 管理 company.
In addition to a wealth of other services, 雪松管理集团 provides 法律援助 北卡罗来纳州的社区协会. 今天致电(877)252-3327或 在线冰球突破豪华版官网 请求建议.
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